The duty in context
No improper use of client money money
The lawyer must withdraw client money only for its proper purpose, must not overdraw a client's funds, and must not use the client account as a banking facility.
How the codes express this duty
E&W Solicitors SRA Principles & Code SAR Rule 5.1; SAR Rule 3.3; SAR Rule 5.3 strong 1,008 cases
5.1 You only withdraw client money from a client account: (a) for the purpose for which it is being held; ... 3.3 You must not use a client account to provide banking facilities to clients or third parties. ... 5.3 You only withdraw client money from a client account if sufficient funds are held on behalf of that specific client or third party to make the payment.
Solicitors Accounts Rules · 2019 · archived copy · official source ↗
E&W Barristers BSB Handbook no clear equivalent
Cayman Islands Legal Services Code 2026 P.7; R.9.2 partial
Attorneys-at-law shall protect client money and assets... An attorney-at-law and a recognised law entity shall safeguard money and assets entrusted to them by clients and others.
Cayman Islands Legal Services Code of Professional Conduct · 2026 · archived copy
AU Solicitors Solicitors' Conduct Rules no clear equivalent
AU Barristers Uniform Barristers Rules no clear equivalent
IE Solicitors Law Society Guide Ch9 — Accounts regulations: General strong 90 cases
To use each client's money for that client's matter only, To use trust money only for the purpose of that trust... To establish and maintain proper accounting systems and proper internal control systems to ensure compliance with the regulations.
Solicitor's Guide to Professional Conduct (Law Society of Ireland) · 4th ed. (2022) · archived copy · official source ↗
IE Barristers Bar Code of Conduct no clear equivalent
JM Attorneys Canons of Professional Ethics Canon VII(a) partial 118 cases
An Attorney shall comply with rules as may from time to time be prescribed by the General Legal Council relating to the keeping in separate accounts- (i) the funds of himself or any firm with which he is associated; and (ii) those of his clients.
Legal Profession (Canons of Professional Ethics) Rules · 1978 (principal) · archived copy · official source ↗
JE Lawyers Law Society of Jersey Code P.7; R.7.4 a),c) partial
Members must protect client money and assets... Members must: a) identify, monitor and manage risks to money and assets entrusted to them by clients and others... c) ensure compliance with the Accounts Rules.
Law Society of Jersey Code of Conduct · 1 January 2017 · archived copy · official source ↗
ON Lawyers LSO Rules of Prof. Conduct r 3.6-10; r 3.2-7.3 strong
3.6-10 A lawyer shall not appropriate any funds of the client held in trust or otherwise under the lawyer's control for or on account of fees except as permitted by the by-laws under the Law Society Act. [3.2-7.3 A lawyer shall not use their trust account for purposes not related to the provision of legal services.]
Law Society of Ontario — Rules of Professional Conduct · current · archived copy · official source ↗
BC Lawyers BC Code r 3.6-10 strong 71 cases
A lawyer must not appropriate any client funds held in trust or otherwise under the lawyer's control for or on account of fees, except as permitted by the governing legislation.
Code of Professional Conduct for British Columbia (BC Code) · 2017 · archived copy · official source ↗
NZ Lawyers Conduct & Client Care Rules r 10.5.2 / r 9.3 partial
A lawyer who receives funds on terms requiring the lawyer to hold the funds in a trust account as a stakeholder must adhere strictly to those terms and disburse the funds only in accordance with them. ... A lawyer who wishes to debit fees held in trust or to receive funds to cover fees in advance must comply with the requirements of regulations 9 and 10 of the Lawyers and Conveyancers Act (Trust Account) Regulations 2008.
Lawyers and Conveyancers Act (Lawyers: Conduct and Client Care) Rules 2008 · SR 2008/214 · archived copy · official source ↗
SCO Solicitors LSS Standards of Conduct no clear equivalent
SG Lawyers Professional Conduct Rules 2015 r 16 (Client money) partial 19 cases
16 Client money
Legal Profession (Professional Conduct) Rules 2015 · 2015 · archived copy · official source ↗
HK Solicitors Solicitors' Guide Principle 13.02 / Principle 4.02 Commentary 4 partial
A client account cheque must never be dishonoured. A solicitor must take care to ensure that any cheque for use in connection with his practice will be honoured upon presentation. ... Dishonour of a client account cheque will other than in exceptional circumstances indicate a breach of the Solicitors' Accounts Rules (Cap. 159 sub. leg. F). ... Under rule 9(2) of the Solicitors' Accounts Rules (Cap. 159 sub. leg. F), money received for or on account of an agreed fee which is paid by a client to his solicitor must be paid into an office account.
Hong Kong Solicitors' Guide to Professional Conduct (Volume 1) · current · archived copy · official source ↗
HK Barristers Bar Code of Conduct no clear equivalent
Cases dealing with this duty
1,489 decisions · link basis: found breached = a tribunal finding; rule cited = the mapped provision is cited in the decision; text match = high-precision text pattern
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Caroline Jones & Hillyer McKeown LLP
Breaches, Failures, Solicitors' Accounts Rules
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Sam Themis
Breaches, Client Money, Failures, Solicitors' Accounts Rules
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Mohammed Arshad Amin
Breaches, Failures, Solicitors' Accounts Rules
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Gareth Rowan Evans
Breaches, Client Money, Failures, Solicitors' Accounts Rules
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Seth Lovis
Breaches, Solicitors' Accounts Rules
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Geoffrey Rushton
Breaches, Client Money, Failures, Solicitors' Accounts Rules
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Montague Frankel
Breaches, Failures, Solicitors' Accounts Rules
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David Ellis
Breaches, Failures
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Maxine Barnes
Breaches, Client Money, Failures, Solicitors' Accounts Rules
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Zahid Khan
Breaches, Failures, Solicitors' Accounts Rules
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Graceann Marie Cameron
Struck off, Restitution Ordered | Disciplinary Committee decision delivered December 12, 2020. View PDF DECISION OF THE DISCIPLINARY COMMITTEE OF THE GENERAL LEGAL COUNCIL COMPLAINT NO: 38/2015 IN THE MATTER OF MELISA J…
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Kathleen Doocey
In the matter of Kathleen Doocey, a solicitor practising as KM Doocey Solicitors at American Street, Belmullet, Co Mayo, and in the matter of the Solicitors Acts 1954-2015 [2018/DT83 and High Court 2020 no 40 SA] Law So…
strike_off View decision -
Bayard, Jacinta Louise
1. Transfer trust money from controlled money account without proper authority, in breach of section 139 of the Legal Profession Uniform Law (NSW) 2. Failed to provide statements in relation to the trust account when re…
Reprimand $0.00 About About the OLSC The Commissioner History Mission statement Structure Contact Contact the OLSC Give us your feedback: online surveys Access to information (GIPAA) Community information Information for lawyers Fact sheets FAQs Other regulatory and complaint-handling organisations Contact LawAccess NSW for legal information " You and Your Lawyer", Hot Topics 78 Legal Information Access Centre (LIAC), State Library of NSW , provides access to information about the law in NSW regarding your lawyer Privacy Copyright and Disclaimer Website accessibility View decision -
Christopher James Rosser
On each of Charges 1, 3, 4, 5, 9, 10 and 11 the respondent engaged in professional misconduct
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Henry C. Johnson
Guilty of Professional Misconduct | Disciplinary Committee decision delivered September 05, 2020. || Suspended, Restitution Ordered | Disciplinary Committee decision delivered September 19, 2020. View PDF DECISION OF TH…
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Arlene Ann Gaynor
Struck off, Restitution Ordered | Disciplinary Committee decision delivered August 18, 2020. || Guilty of Professional Misconduct | Disciplinary Committee decision delivered July 29, 2020. View PDF DECISION OF THE DISCI…
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Arlene Ann Gaynor
Guilty of Professional Misconduct | Disciplinary Committee decision delivered July 29, 2020. || Struck off, Restitution Ordered | Disciplinary Committee decision delivered August 18, 2020. View PDF DECISION OF THE DISCI…
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Raphael M Gilmore
In the matter of Raphael M Gilmore, a solicitor previously practising as Gilmore Solicitors, 22 Bridge Street, Ringsend, Dublin 4, and in the matter of the Solicitors Acts 1954-2015 [2019/DT29 and High Court record 2020…
strike_off View decision -
Leslie, James Edward
Ground 1: Caused a deficiency in the trust account Ground 2: Misappropriated trust funds Ground 3: Manipulated trust accounting records to conceal misappropriation of trust money Ground 4: Breaches of trust account obli…
Order recommending removal of lawyer's name from the Roll of Australian Lawyers $0.00 Proceedings Instituted 1 PDF View decision -
James Beresford Loel
On each of Charges 11, 13, 14, 15 and 17, there is a finding that the respondent engaged in professional misconduct. On each of Charges 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 10, there is a finding that the respondent engaged in unsat…
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W. Anthony Pearson
Struck off | Disciplinary Committee decision delivered June 18, 2020. || Guilty of Professional Misconduct | Disciplinary Committee decision delivered October 12, 2019. || Application for Suspension of Order Refused | D…
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Anthony O'Gorman
In the matter of Anthony O'Gorman, solicitor, formerly practising as Anthony F O'Gorman and Co, Solicitors, at St Michael’s Road, Gorey, Co Wexford, and in the matter of an application by the Law Society of Ireland to t…
fine View decision -
KEVIN COLIN BENEDICT STAFFA
Professional Misconduct and Unsatisfactory Professional Conduct
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David Jacob Siebenga
Rule 4-29 Admission of Misconduct and Undertaking to Discipline Committee | Summary
Rule 4-29 Admission of Misconduct and Undertaking to Discipline Committee | Summary 1 PDF View decision -
Sanda Ling King
Rule 4-29 Admission of Misconduct and Undertaking to Discipline Committee | Summary
Rule 4-29 Admission of Misconduct and Undertaking to Discipline Committee | Summary 1 PDF View decision
Duty classification does not yet cover every jurisdiction (Ontario, New Zealand and Singapore decisions are indexed but not yet duty-classified), so counts here understate those corpora.