The duty in context
Act only on proper, lawful instructions client
The lawyer must act only on the client's lawful, proper and competent instructions, satisfying themselves the instructions reflect the client's genuine wishes.
How the codes express this duty
E&W Solicitors SRA Principles & Code CCS 3.1 strong 40 cases
3.1 You only act for clients on instructions from the client, or from someone properly authorised to provide instructions on their behalf. If you have reason to suspect that the instructions do not represent your client's wishes, you do not act unless you have satisfied yourself that they do.
SRA Code of Conduct for Solicitors, RELs and RFLs · 2019 · archived copy · official source ↗
E&W Barristers BSB Handbook rC21.6; rC15.1 partial 3 cases
rC21 You must not accept instructions to act in a particular matter if: ... .6 your instructions require you to act other than in accordance with law or with the provisions of this Handbook; rC15.1 you must promote fearlessly and by all proper and lawful means the client's best interests;
BSB Handbook Part 2: Code of Conduct · 5.0 · archived copy · official source ↗
Cayman Islands Legal Services Code 2026 R.4.1(c)(i); R.4.1(c)(vi) strong
shall not act in the following circumstances — (i) if by acting, the attorney-at-law will knowingly assist in or commit a breach of the law, regulations or the rules of professional conduct (including this Code)... the attorney-at-law is not satisfied that the instructions represent the client's wishes and that the client understands the consequences of those instructions
Cayman Islands Legal Services Code of Professional Conduct · 2026 · archived copy
AU Solicitors Solicitors' Conduct Rules Rule 8.1 strong 27 cases
A solicitor must only accept and follow a client's lawful, proper and competent instructions.
Australian Solicitors' Conduct Rules · 2015 (June 2026 compilation) · archived copy · official source ↗
AU Barristers Uniform Barristers Rules r39 partial 6 cases
A barrister must seek to assist the client to understand the issues in the case and the client's possible rights and obligations, sufficiently to permit the client to give proper instructions, including instructions in connection with any compromise of the case.
Legal Profession Uniform Conduct (Barristers) Rules · 2015 (as amended 14 May 2025) · archived copy · official source ↗
IE Solicitors Law Society Guide Ch1 — The function of the solicitor in society; Ch2 — Instructions to be taken directly from the client strong 1 case
Solicitors are under a duty to exercise their professional skill and judgement when acting on instructions. A solicitor must then advise on whether what is required is proper and legal... A solicitor should take instructions directly from the client. Where instructions are first received from a third party, the instructions should be confirmed directly with the client.
Solicitor's Guide to Professional Conduct (Law Society of Ireland) · 4th ed. (2022) · archived copy · official source ↗
IE Barristers Bar Code of Conduct Rule 5.5; Rule 4.1 partial 1 case
A Barrister must not devise facts which will assist in advancing the client's case and must not draft any pleading, witness statement, affidavit, notice of appeal or any other document containing any statement of fact or contention which is not supported by the client's instructions.
Code of Conduct for the Bar of Ireland · 2024 · archived copy · official source ↗
JM Attorneys Canons of Professional Ethics Canon III(f); Canon IV(q)(ii) partial 17 cases
An Attorney shall not act contrary to the laws of the land, or aid, counsel or assist any man to break those laws. ... [IV(q)] An Attorney shall withdraw forthwith from employment ... (ii) where the client seeks to pursue a course of conduct which is illegal or which will result in deliberately deceiving the Court.
Legal Profession (Canons of Professional Ethics) Rules · 1978 (principal) · archived copy · official source ↗
JE Lawyers Law Society of Jersey Code R.1.1 c)i), iii) strong
A member... must not act in the following circumstances: i) if by acting, he or she will knowingly assist in or commit a breach of the law, regulations or the rules of professional conduct... iii) if instructions are given by someone other than the client, or by one person on behalf of others in a joint matter, he or she is unable to obtain confirmation that the client or all of the clients agree with the instructions given.
Law Society of Jersey Code of Conduct · 1 January 2017 · archived copy · official source ↗
ON Lawyers LSO Rules of Prof. Conduct r 3.2-3 commentary [1]; r 3.7-7(b) partial
[3.2-3 cmt 1] given that an organization depends upon persons to give instructions, the lawyer should ensure that the person giving instructions for the organization is acting within that person's actual or ostensible authority. [3.7-7: a lawyer shall withdraw if ... (b) the client's instructions require the lawyer to act contrary to these rules or by-laws under the Law Society Act.]
Law Society of Ontario — Rules of Professional Conduct · current · archived copy · official source ↗
BC Lawyers BC Code r 3.2-3, commentary [1] partial 1 case
While the organization or corporation acts and gives instructions through its officers, directors, employees, members, agents or representatives, the lawyer should ensure that it is the interests of the organization that are served and protected. Further, given that an organization depends on persons to give instructions, the lawyer should be satisfied that the person giving instructions for the organization is acting within that person's authority.
Code of Professional Conduct for British Columbia (BC Code) · 2017 · archived copy · official source ↗
NZ Lawyers Conduct & Client Care Rules r 13.3 strong
Subject to the lawyer's overriding duty to the court, a lawyer must obtain and follow a client's instructions on significant decisions in respect of the conduct of litigation. Those instructions should be taken after the client is informed by the lawyer of the nature of the decisions to be made and the consequences of them.
Lawyers and Conveyancers Act (Lawyers: Conduct and Client Care) Rules 2008 · SR 2008/214 · archived copy · official source ↗
SCO Solicitors LSS Standards of Conduct B1.5 strong 13 cases
You are the agent of your client and must have the authority of your client for your actings. You must not accept improper instructions
Law Society of Scotland — Practice Rules 2011, Rule B1 (Standards of Conduct) · 2011 · archived copy · official source ↗
SG Lawyers Professional Conduct Rules 2015 no clear equivalent
HK Solicitors Solicitors' Guide Principle 5.02 / Principle 5.12 Commentary 2 strong
A solicitor must not act or continue to act where to do so would involve him in a breach of law or in professional misconduct. ... A solicitor must act within his client's express or implied authority.
Hong Kong Solicitors' Guide to Professional Conduct (Volume 1) · current · archived copy · official source ↗
HK Barristers Bar Code of Conduct para 6.2(c) partial
if the instructions seek to limit the ordinary authority or discretion of a barrister in the conduct of proceedings in Court or to require a barrister to act otherwise than in conformity with the law or with the provisions of this Code;
Code of Conduct of the Bar of the Hong Kong SAR · 2018 · archived copy · official source ↗
Cases dealing with this duty
104 decisions · link basis: found breached = a tribunal finding; rule cited = the mapped provision is cited in the decision; text match = high-precision text pattern
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Fiona Hunter Blair Parsons
Criminal Convictions, Dishonesty, Lack of Integrity, SRA Principles 2011, SRA Principles 2019
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Paul Ignatius Boylan
In 2018, the Practitioner breached his fundamental duties to act in his client’s best interests in breach of ASCR 4.1.1 and failed to avoid any compromise to his integrity and professional independence in breach of ASCR…
Multiple Disciplinary Action Fine Reprimand View decision -
Darren Paul Kruse
Between December 2020 and March 2021, the Practitioner failed to act on client instructions and respond to client correspondence, in breach of the following South Australian Legal Practitioners Conduct Rules: • to act i…
Multiple Disciplinary Action Fine Order to apologise Reprimand View decision -
Darren Paul Kruse
Between August 2021 and November 2021, the Practitioner failed to act on client instructions and respond to client correspondence, in breach of the following South Australian Legal Practitioners Conduct Rules: • to act …
Multiple Disciplinary Action Fine Order to apologise Reprimand View decision -
Darren Paul Kruse
Between February 2021 and March 2022, the Practitioner failed to act on client instructions and respond to client correspondence, in breach of the following South Australian Legal Practitioners Conduct Rules: • to act i…
Multiple Disciplinary Action Fine Order to apologise Reprimand View decision -
Oldman, Kathleen
The solicitor acted without instructions and in a conflict of interest, and disbursed money from trust without authority — Unsatisfactory Professional Conduct
Reprimand Prior to applying for, or the renewal of, a NSW Practising Certificate, the Respondent Solicitor must undertake and complete a Practice Management Course $0.00 About About the OLSC The Commissioner History Mission statement Structure Contact Contact the OLSC Give us your feedback: online surveys Access to information (GIPAA) Community information Information for lawyers Fact sheets FAQs Other regulatory and complaint-handling organisations Contact LawAccess NSW for legal information " You and Your Lawyer", Hot Topics 78 Legal Information Access Centre (LIAC), State Library of NSW , provides access to information about the law in NSW regarding your lawyer Privacy Copyright and Disclaimer Website accessibility View decision -
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Phillip David Gallasch
The Practitioner was the victim of a third-party cyber fraud which resulted in the loss of $149,588.28 of his client’s money. The Practitioner failed to verify the banking details received by email with his client by te…
Reprimand View decision -
Md Zahidul Islam; Zarina Shaheen Bostan; Nageena Choudhry; Mohammed Saleem
Code of Conduct for Firms 2019, Code of Conduct for Solicitors, REL's & RFL's 2019, Solicitors' Accounts Rules
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Debby-Ann Samuels
Suspended | Disciplinary Committee decision delivered December 12, 2025. || Guilty of Professional Misconduct | Disciplinary Committee decision delivered April 14, 2025. View PDF SANCTION DECISION OF THE DISCIPLINARY CO…
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Hiramanek, Zubin
Acting without instructions Failing to verify client’s authority to act Filing witness statement without verifying client’s instructions
Refusal to renew practising certificate application pursuant to s 45 of the Legal Profession Uniform Law (NSW) for the period 1 July 2024 to 30 June 2025 and for the practice year ending 30 June 2026 $0.00 Specified Duration: Manager appointment for a period of 2 years Manager Appointed: Yes Manager Appointed View decision -
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Steven George Powell
Reprimanded | Disciplinary Committee decision delivered May 13, 2025.|| Guilty of Professional Misconduct | Disciplinary Committee decision delivered November 28, 2024. View PDF SANCTION DECISION OF THE DISCIPLINARY COM…
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Jennifer Jacqueline Housen
Suspended, Restitution Ordered | Disciplinary Committee decision delivered April 15, 2025. | Guilty of Professional Misconduct | Disciplinary Committee decision delivered April 25, 2024. View PDF DECISION ON SANCTION OF…
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Leonard Hil Marriott
Rule 4-29 Admission of Misconduct and Undertaking to the Discipline Committee
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John Mark Fitzpatrick
Repeated failures and breaches of Rules relating to the conduct of legal practitioners, including, repeated failures to respond in an adequate and timely manner to requests for information from the Commissioner and the …
Struck off View decision -
Mark Ian Williams
Breaches, Client Money, Code of Conduct for Solicitors, REL's & RFL's 2019, Lack of Integrity, Practice Framework Rules, Solicitors Accounts Rules 2019, SRA Principles 2011, SRA Principles 2019
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Richard Harbord
Breaches, Code of Conduct 2011, Code of Conduct for Solicitors, REL's & RFL's 2019, Lack of Integrity, Solicitors Accounts Rules 2011, Solicitors Accounts Rules 2019, SRA Authorisation Rules, SRA Principles 2011, SRA Pr…
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Gregory M.D. Lopez
Struck off again | Disciplinary Committee decision delivered October 27, 2023. || Guilty of Professional Misconduct | Disciplinary Committee decision delivered March 07, 2020. View PDF DECISION ON SANCTION OF THE DISCIP…
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Samantha Anne Lee
Lack of Integrity, Misappropriation of Client Account, Recklessness, Solicitors Accounts Rules 2011, SRA Authorisation Rules, SRA Principles 2011, SRA Principles 2019
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Henry Charles Adrian Syms
Lack of Integrity, Misappropriation of Client Account, Recklessness, Solicitors Accounts Rules 2011, SRA Authorisation Rules, SRA Principles 2011, SRA Principles 2019
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Susan Lebreton-Towell
Breaches, Failures, Solicitors' Accounts Rules
Duty classification does not yet cover every jurisdiction (Ontario, New Zealand and Singapore decisions are indexed but not yet duty-classified), so counts here understate those corpora.