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discipline 3 October 2026

The duty in context

Not misrepresent regulated status profession

The lawyer must not hold out an unregulated business or person as regulated, and must take reasonable steps to prevent clients wrongly believing a third party is regulated.

260 cases 53% strike-off avg suspension 12.8 mo avg fine 51,395 111 with dishonesty finding

How the codes express this duty

E&W Solicitors SRA Principles & Code CCS 8.10; CCS 5.4 strong 173 cases
8.10 You ensure that clients understand whether and how the services you provide are regulated. This includes: ... (c) ensuring that you do not represent any business or employer which is not authorised by the SRA, including any separate business, as being regulated by the SRA.
E&W Barristers BSB Handbook rC83; rC84; rC19.4 strong 5 cases
rC83 If you refer a client to a third party which is not a BSB authorised person or an authorised (non-BSB) person, you must take reasonable steps to ensure that the client is not wrongly led to believe that the third party is subject to regulation by the Bar Standards Board or by another approved regulator. rC84 You must not have a material commercial interest in any organisation which gives the impression of being, or may be reasonably perceived as being, subject to the regulation of the Bar Standards Board ... where it is not so regulated.
Cayman Islands Legal Services Code 2026 no clear equivalent
AU Solicitors Solicitors' Conduct Rules Rule 39.1 partial 20 cases
the solicitor, or law practice... must take all reasonable steps to ensure that the client is clearly informed about the nature and the terms of the services being provided to the client by the solicitor or law practice, including (if applicable) that the services provided by the other entity are not provided by solicitor or the law practice as legal services.
AU Barristers Uniform Barristers Rules no clear equivalent
IE Solicitors Law Society Guide Ch9 — The solicitor as agent for an institution partial 22 cases
If a solicitor holds an agency for an institution, the office of the solicitor should be clearly seen to be the office of a solicitor and not a branch of the organisation from whom the solicitor holds the agency.
IE Barristers Bar Code of Conduct Rule 2.10 partial 22 cases
Barristers shall not abuse the title Barrister-at-Law or where applicable Senior Counsel, but this rule shall not prohibit the disclosure of their professional qualification by Barristers in a manner consistent with the Code and any instrument made under the Code.
JM Attorneys Canons of Professional Ethics Canon II(a) partial 6 cases
An Attorney shall not hold out any person (not qualified to practise as a lawyer) as a partner, associate consultant or Attorney.
JE Lawyers Law Society of Jersey Code no clear equivalent
ON Lawyers LSO Rules of Prof. Conduct r 4.2-1.1; r 6.1-1 commentary [5.1] strong
4.2-1.1 A lawyer marketing legal services shall specifically identify in all marketing materials that they are licensed as a lawyer. [6.1-1 cmt 5.1: A lawyer should ensure that the non-lawyer is identified as such when communicating orally or in writing with clients, licensees, public officials, or with the public generally.]
BC Lawyers BC Code r 4.2-8 strong 12 cases
A lawyer must not list a person not entitled to practise law in British Columbia on any letterhead or in any other marketing activity without making it clear in the marketing activity that the person is not entitled to practise law in British Columbia.
NZ Lawyers Conduct & Client Care Rules r 2.11 / r 14.13 partial
If a lawyer learns that a person is committing an offence by— ... (c) providing legal services in breach of any of sections 21, 22, or 23 of the Act (which relate to persons, not being lawyers, engaging in misleading conduct regarding their right or qualifications to practise law)— the lawyer must immediately report the matter to the Law Society ...
SCO Solicitors LSS Standards of Conduct no clear equivalent
SG Lawyers Professional Conduct Rules 2015 r 33 (Descriptions) partial 3 cases
33 Descriptions
HK Solicitors Solicitors' Guide Principle 13.04 partial
No solicitor shall wilfully and knowingly: (a) act as agent in any action or in any matter in bankruptcy for any unqualified person; or (b) permit his name to be made use of in any such action or matter upon the account or for the profit of any unqualified person; or ... (d) do any other act enabling any unqualified person to appear, act or practise in any respect as a solicitor.
HK Barristers Bar Code of Conduct no clear equivalent

Cases dealing with this duty

Clear

260 decisions · link basis: found breached = a tribunal finding; rule cited = the mapped provision is cited in the decision; text match = high-precision text pattern

  • Tasmina Ahmed-Sheikh
    SSDT solicitor Tasmina Ahmed-Sheikh, 75 Newlands Road, Newlands, Glasgow 2021-09-27 found breached
    conditions No Appeal 2 PDFs View decision
  • Youssef, Nidah
    OLSC solicitor NY Lawyers Pty Ltd 2021-08-19 found breached

    From 3 July 2018 to 3 September 2018 the respondent solicitor engaged in legal practice in New South Wales without holding a practising certificate. The respondent solicitor attempted to mislead the Law Society of New S…

    Reprimand $0.00 About ​ About the OLSC The Commissioner History Mission statement Structure Contact ​ Contact the OLSC Give us your feedback: online surveys Access to information (GIPAA) Community information ​ Information for lawyers Fact sheets FAQs Other regulatory and complaint-handling organisations Contact LawAccess NSW for legal information " You and Your Lawyer", Hot ​​Topics 78 Legal Information Access Centre (LIAC), State Library of NSW​ , provides access to information about the law in NSW regarding your lawyer Privacy Copyright and Disclaimer Website accessibility View decision
  • Kernaghan, Aaron Noel
    OLSC solicitor Kernaghan & Associates Pty Ltd [2021] NSWCATOD 111 2021-08-06 found breached

    Professional Misconduct Breached an undertaking to the Office of the Legal Services Commissioner Breach section 137 of the Legal Profession Uniform Law (NSW) - Certain trust money to be deposited in general trust accoun…

    To be determined by the Tribunal $0.00 1 PDF View decision
  • Keith A. Jarrett
    GLC attorney 182 of 2017 2021-07-28 found breached

    Struck off | Disciplinary Committee decision delivered July 28, 2021. View PDF FORMAL ORDER OF THE DISCIPLINARY COMMITTEE OF THE GENERAL LEGAL COUNCIL COMPLAINT NO: 182/2017 IN THE MATTER OF NOVAR PATRICK MCDONALD (THE …

    Struck off 1 PDF View decision
  • Kenneth John Baillie Stewart Macleod
    SSDT solicitor Kenneth John Baillie Stewart MacLeod, MacLeods WS, 13 Lombard Street, Inverness 2021-07-01 found breached
    strike_off No Appeal 2 PDFs View decision
  • Valorie Frances Hemminger Long
    LSBC lawyer 2021-06-01 found breached

    Rule 3-7.1 Consent Agreement

    Rule 3-7.1 Consent Agreement 1 PDF View decision
  • Sonia Sukhdeesh Hayer
    LSBC lawyer 2021-03-05 found breached

    Rule 3-7.1 Consent Agreement | Summary

    Rule 3-7.1 Consent Agreement | Summary 1 PDF View decision
  • Paul Anthony Garrett
    SSDT solicitor Paul Anthony Garrett, 12 Tweedsmuir Crescent, Bearsden, Glasgow 2021-02-23 found breached
    strike_off No Appeal 1 PDF View decision
  • Sandra Campbell
    SDT solicitor 12228/2021 2021-01-01 found breached

    Breaches, Client Money, Failures, Solicitors' Accounts Rules

    Strike off 1 PDF View decision
  • Rupinder Kainth
    SDT solicitor 12170/2021 2021-01-01 found breached

    Breaches, Failures

    Strike off 1 PDF View decision
  • Maurice Frankson
    GLC attorney 243 of 2018 2020-08-13 found breached

    Suspended, Fined | Disciplinary Committee decision delivered August 13, 2020. || Guilty of Professional Misconduct | Disciplinary Committee decision delivered July 04, 2020. View PDF DECISION OF THE DISCIPLINARY COMMITT…

    Suspended, Fined 1 PDF View decision
  • Anthony O'Gorman
    LSI solicitor Anthony F O'Gorman and Co, Solicitors, St Michael’s Road, Gorey, Co Wexford 2020-06-08 found breached

    In the matter of Anthony O'Gorman, solicitor, formerly practising as Anthony F O'Gorman and Co, Solicitors, at St Michael’s Road, Gorey, Co Wexford, and in the matter of an application by the Law Society of Ireland to t…

  • Chidi Umezurike
    SDT solicitor 12112/2020 2020-01-01 found breached

    Breaches, Failures, Solicitors' Accounts Rules

    Strike off 1 PDF View decision
  • Charles James Ete & Henry Onotere Mume
    SDT solicitor 12034/2020 2020-01-01 found breached

    Breaches, Client Money, Failures, Solicitors' Accounts Rules

    Reprimand, Strike off 1 PDF View decision
  • Petros Petrou & Stylianos Petrou
    SDT solicitor 12099/2020 2020-01-01 found breached

    Breaches, Failures, Solicitors' Accounts Rules

    Strike off, Suspend - Fixed Period 1 PDF View decision
  • Gillian Margaret Walker
    SDT solicitor 12095/2020 2020-01-01 found breached

    Breaches

    S.43 Order (clerks) 1 PDF View decision
  • Yasar Malik
    SDT solicitor 12053/2020 2020-01-01 found breached

    Breaches

    S.43 Order (clerks) 1 PDF View decision
  • Raymond Clough
    GLC attorney 186 of 2010 2019-07-26 found breached text match

    Suspended, Fined - Disciplinary Committee decision delivered July 26, 2019. | Guilty of Professional Misconduct - Disciplinary Committee decision May 11, 2019. | Formal Order July 26, 2019 View PDF DECISION OF THE DISCI…

    Suspended, Fined - Disciplinary Committee decision delivered July 26, 2019. 1 PDF View decision
  • James Dorney
    LSI solicitor Dorney Solicitors, Phoenix House, Monahan Road, Cork 2019-07-01 found breached

    In the matter of James Dorney, solicitor, practising as Dorney Solicitors, Phoenix House, Monahan Road, Cork, and in the matter of an application by the Law Society of Ireland to the Solicitors Disciplinary Tribunal, an…

    suspension View decision
  • Eilish Adams
    SDT solicitor 12021/2019 2019-01-01 found breached

    Breaches, Solicitors' Accounts Rules

    Strike off 1 PDF View decision
  • Richard Stephen Davies
    SDT solicitor 11939/2019 2019-01-01 found breached

    Breaches, Solicitors' Accounts Rules

    Strike off 1 PDF View decision
  • Stephen Anthony Hogan
    SDT solicitor 11935/2019 2019-01-01 found breached

    Breaches, Client Money, Failures, Solicitors' Accounts Rules

    Strike off 1 PDF View decision
  • Hugh Scott Neilson
    SSDT solicitor Hugh Scott Neilson, Glendevon, 13 Grahamshill Street, Airdrie, Lanarkshire 2018-11-21 found breached
    strike_off No Appeal 3 PDFs View decision
  • Olusegun Afolayan-Jejeloye
    SDT solicitor 11842/2018 2018-01-01 found breached

    Breaches, Solicitors' Accounts Rules

    Strike off 1 PDF View decision
  • Edward Sibley
    SDT solicitor 11780/2018 2018-01-01 found breached

    Breaches, Client Money, Solicitors' Accounts Rules

    Fine, Strike off 1 PDF View decision

Duty classification does not yet cover every jurisdiction (Ontario, New Zealand and Singapore decisions are indexed but not yet duty-classified), so counts here understate those corpora.